Tumor neuroectodérmico maligno del tracto gastrointestinal: a propósito de un caso / Malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract: case report

El tumor neuroectodérmico maligno del tracto gastrointestinal es una neoplasia rara con pocos casos reportados en la literatura, especialmente en América Latina. Descrito por primera vez en 2003, se trata de una entidad sin tratamiento estandarizado y de pobre pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 22 años de edad que acude a la consulta por dolor abdominal, anemia y masa abdominal palpable. Luego de estudios pertinentes se decide la conducta resectiva y el posterior tratamiento oncológico. (AU)

Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (GNET), formerly known as clear cell sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract, is an extremely rare tumor of mesenchymal origin, which presents great microscopic and molecular similarity to clear cell sarcoma found in other parts of the body, such as tendons and aponeurosis. It is characterized by its rapid evolution, high recurrence rate and frequent diagnosis as metastatic disease.1,2 (AU)

Ghost ileostomy release down: our initial experience

Background: Many publications describe the advantages of the creation of ghost ileostomy (GI) to prevent the need for formal covering ileostomy in more than 80% of carcinoma rectum patients. However, none of the papers describes exactly how to ultimately remove the GI in these 80% of patients in whom it doesn't need formal maturation. Aim: To describe and evaluate the ghost ileostomy release down (GIRD) technique in terms of feasibility, complications, hospital stay, procedure time etc. in patients with low anterior resection/ultra-low anterior resection (LAR/uLAR) with GI for carcinoma rectum. Method: The present was a prospective cohort study of patients with restorative colorectal resections with GI for carcinoma rectum, Postoperatively the patients were studied with respect to ease and feasibility of the release down of GI and its complications. The data was collected, analyzed and inference drawn. Results: A total of 26 patients needed the GIRD and were included in the final statistical analysis of the study. The procedure was done between 7th to 16th postoperative days (POD) and was successful in all patients without the need of any additional surgical procedure. None of the patients required any local anesthetic injection or any extra analgesics. The average time taken for procedure was 5-minutes and none of the patients had any significant difficulty in GI release. There were no immediate postprocedure complications. Conclusion: The GIRD technique is a simple, safe, and quick procedure done around the 10th POD that can easily be performed by the bedside of patient without the need of any anesthesia or additional analgesics. (AU)

Resultados quirúrgicos a corto y mediano plazo por enfermedad de Crohn ileocecal / Short and medium term results of the surgical management of ileocecal Crohn's disease

BACKGROUND: The treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) is based on medical therapy and surgery is reserved for failure of medical management or complications. AIM: To evaluate endoscopic, clinical, and surgical recurrence of CD after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospectively maintained database, consecutive patients older than 15 years subjected to an ileocecal resection for ileocolic disease from January 2011 to April 2021, were identified. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed with the pathologic report. Patients with less than one year of follow-up were excluded. Information was obtained retrospectively from the database and clinical records. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were identified. The mean age at the time of surgery was 38 years. Surgery was performed at a median of 41.5 months (0-300) after the diagnosis of CD, nine elective and five emergency procedures. In five patients there were four major and two minor postoperative complications, with no anastomotic leakage. Six patients had endoscopic recurrence and seven had clinical recurrence (50%) at a mean of 15 months, one of whom required a second operation. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: After the surgical treatment of CD, the clinical and endoscopic recurrence rate continues to be high.

Risk factors for anastomotic leakage following total or subtotal colectomy

Introduction: A higher rate of anastomotic leakage (AL) is reported after ileosigmoid anastomosis (ISA) or ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in total or subtotal colectomy (TSC) compared with colonic or colorectal anastomosis. Themain aimof the present studywas to assess potential risk factors for AL after ISA or IRA and to investigate determinants of morbidity. Methods: We identified 180 consecutive patients in a prospective referral, single center database, in which 83 of the patients underwent TSC with ISA or IRA. Data regarding the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and outcome were assessed to determine their association with the cumulative incidence of AL and surgical morbidity. Results: Ileosigmoid anastomosis was performed in 51 of the patients (61.5%) and IRA in 32 patients (38.6%). The cumulative incidence of ALwas 15.6% (13 of 83 patients). A higher AL rate was found in patients under 50 years-old (p=0.038), in the electivelaparoscopic approach subgroup (p=0.049), and patients in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subgroup (p=0.009). Furthermore, 14 patients (16.9%) had morbidity classified as Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIA. Discussion: A relatively high incidence of AL after TSC was observed in a relatively safe surgical procedure. Our findings suggest that the risk of AL may be higher in IBD patients. According to our results, identifying risk factors prior to surgerymay improve short-term outcomes. (AU)

Morbidity and mortality associated with loop ileostomy closure procedures in a reference service in coloproctology in Recife, Pernambuco / Morbimortalidade associada aos procedimentos de fechamento de ileostomia em alça em um serviço de referência em coloproctologia em Recife, Pernambuco (PE)

Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality related to the surgical procedure of loop ileostomy closure, in a reference service in coloproctology, as well as possible variables that may be related to a higher frequency of complications. Methods: A retrospective study evaluated 66 procedures of loop ileostomy closure, performed between December 2005 and December 2017, at the coloproctology service of Barão de Lucena Hospital, in Recife, Brazil. Results: There were complications in 20 (30.3%) patients, 11 of whom were classified as grade I (Clavien-Dindo), and 9 of whom were classified as grade II to V. In 7.6% of the cases, one or more surgical reassessments were required. Mortality was 1.5%. There was no statistical relevance in the correlation of the studied variables with the occurrence of complications. Conclusion: Loop ileostomy closure presents an important morbidity, reaching more than 30%, although mortality is low. The analyzed variables did not show significant statistics for a higher occurrence of complications. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a morbimortalidade relacionada ao procedimento cirúrgico de fechamento ileostomia em alça, em um serviço de referência em coloproctologia, bem como possíveis variáveis que possam se relacionar com uma maior frequência de complicações. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de 66 procedimentos de fechamento de ileostomia em alça, realizados entre dezembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2017, no serviço de coloproctologia do Hospital Barão de Lucena, em Recife, PE. Resultados: Houve complicações em 20 (30,3%) pacientes, sendo 11 delas classificadas como grau I (Clavien-Dindo) e 9 classificadas de grau II a V. Em 7,6% dos casos, houve necessidade de uma oumais reabordagens cirúrgicas. Amortalidade foi de 1,5%. Não houve relevância estatística na correlação das variáveis estudadas com a ocorrência de complicações. Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico de fechamento de ileostomia apresenta morbidade importante, podendo chegar a mais de 30%, embora a mortalidade seja baixa. As variáveis analisadas não demonstraram significância estatística para maior ocorrência de complicações. (AU)

Functional results of hautmann neobladder with chimney modification and wallace ureteroileal anastomosis: initial experience with 22 patients

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the functional outcomes and complications of modified Hautmann neobladder with Wallace ureteroileal anastomosis on a 6-8 cm long isoperistaltic chimney, following radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and October 2019, 22 patients (18 men and 4 women) underwent radical cystectomy and Hautmann neobladder reconstruction with chimney modification and Wallace I ureteroileal anastomosis. The mean age of patients was 61 years (45-74 years). All procedures were performed by the same surgeon and the mean follow-up was 29.4 months. Complications were registered as early (occurring within 3 months) or late (occurring after 3 months), with particular attention addressed to the ureteroileal anastomotic stricture and anastomotic leakage rate. Patient evaluation also included symptom analysis for daytime continence and voiding frequency. Results: Ureteroileal anastomotic stricture was not detected as a cause of hydronephrosis. Hovewer, the anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient during the early postoperative period. Early complications occurred in 9 patients and the most common was bilateral hydronephrosis, detected in 5 examinees. Late complications occurred in 4 patients. Complete daytime and nighttime continence achieved in 18 and 16 patients respectively, with two patients (9%) still required intermittent catheterization three months after surgery. Conclusions: The functional results with modified Hautmann neobladder, incorporating short afferent limb in Wallace I uretero-enteric anastomosis, were efficient. This technique is an effective way to minimize potential uretero-enteric stricture, anastomotic leakage and incidence of vesicoureteral reflux.

Ileal impaction resolution in a horse with colic via a standing right flank laparotomy ˗ case report / [Laparotomia de equino em estação para resolução de compactação de íleo ˗ relato de caso]

This report describes a horse presenting ileal impaction that went through a right flank laparotomy procedure while standing. The decision to use this technique was made under the influence of several factors: the patient exhibited a calm temperament and demonstrated responsiveness to the analgesic treatment for pain control; the abdominal lesion was amenable to correction by a standing right flank approach. Also, the owner reported financial problems. Ileal obstruction was relieved successfully, and the horse recovery was satisfactory. This case highlights that, in specific cases of colic syndrome, the use of surgical procedures in the standing position might be a viable option and promote fast recovery.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve um equino com compactação de íleo corrigida por laparotomia em estação pelo flanco direito. A decisão dessa abordagem foi influenciada por vários fatores: o paciente exibiu um temperamento calmo e demonstrou responsividade ao tratamento analgésico para controle da dor; a afecção intestinal em questão foi passível de correção pela abordagem pelo flanco direito em estação; e o proprietário relatou limitações financeiras. A desobstrução ileal foi realizada com sucesso e o cavalo apresentou recuperação satisfatória. Este caso destaca que, em casos específicos da síndrome de cólica, o uso de um procedimento em estação pode ser uma abordagem viável e promover uma rápida recuperação.(AU)

Fístula aorto-ileal primaria / Primary Aortoenteric Fistulas

RESUMEN Introducción: Las fístulas aorto-entéricas son una causa infrecuente de hemorragia digestiva. El pronóstico, generalmente ominoso, depende de una alta sospecha clínica y diagnóstico oportuno. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una hemorragia digestiva por una fístula Aortoentérica diagnosticada y tratada. Presentación del caso: Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 72 años intervenido con el diagnóstico hemorragia digestiva masiva en el preoperatorio; sin embargo, el diagnóstico de la fístula se hizo en el intraoperatorio, sin observar dilatación aneurismática, pero si una aorta ateromatosa y un proceso inflamatorio hacia la fístula. Se realizó reparación quirúrgica urgente con reparación cara anterior aorta infrarrenal cercana a la bifurcación y resección del íleo terminal con ileoascendentostomía termino-lateral. Discusión: Las fístulas aorto-entéricas es una causa potencialmente fatal de hemorragia digestiva. El diagnóstico continúa siendo un desafío debido a su presentación inespecífica y siempre debiese ser considerado frente a una hemorragia digestiva sin causa aparente. Existen varias opciones para el enfrentamiento quirúrgico que deben ser analizadas caso a caso, sin retrasar la reparación. Conclusiones: La fístula aorto-entérica primaria es una causa poco frecuente de hemorragia digestiva, que todo médico y cirujano debe tener en cuenta frente a un paciente con sangrado digestivo de causa no precisada(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aortoenteric fistulas are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The generally ominous prognosis depends on high clinical suspicion and timely diagnosis. Objective: To present a case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage for aortoenteric fistula diagnosed and treated. Case presentation: The case is reported of a 72-year-old man who received surgery after the diagnosis of massive gastrointestinal bleeding during the preoperative period. However, the diagnosis of the fistula was made intraoperatively, without observing aneurysmal dilation, but an atheromatous aorta and an inflammatory process leading to the fistula instead. Urgent surgical repair was performed with repair of anterior infrarenal aorta near the bifurcation and resection of the terminal ileum with end-to-side ascending ileostomy. Discussion: Aortoenteric fistulas are a potentially fatal cause for gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis continues to be a challenge due to its nonspecific presentation and should always be considered for any case of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding. There are several options for surgical management that must be analyzed case by case, without delaying repair. Conclusions: Primary aortoenteric fistula is a rare cause for gastrointestinal bleeding, which every doctor and surgeon must take into account when dealing with a patient with digestive bleeding of an unspecified cause(AU)

Invaginación íleo-colónica en un paciente adolescente con fibrosis quística / Ileocolonic intussusception in an adolescent patient with cystic fibrosis

La invaginación intestinal ocurre cuando un segmento proximal de intestino se repliega dentro de la luz de un segmento distal adyacente y provoca obstrucción intestinal. Es una causa común de abdomen agudo en los dos primeros años de la vida, pero raro en niños mayores. Un varón de 16 años, con diagnóstico de fibrosis quística, se presentó con un cuadro compatible con síndrome de oclusión intestinal distal. Consultó a la clínica con dolor abdominal y una masa palpable en el hipocondrio derecho. Se realizó ecografía abdominal y tomografía de abdomen contrastada, que demostraron invaginación íleo-colónica con signos de isquemia intestinal, necrosis y neumatosis de la pared intestinal. Fue intervenido: se realizó resección del íleon terminal y hemicolon derecho, y se detectó una tumoración en ciego. La invaginación íleo-colónica es una causa rara de abdomen agudo en pacientes adolescentes con fibrosis quística y puede estar asociada a una causa orgánica subyacente.

Intestinal intussusception occurs when a proximal segment of the intestine telescopes into the lumen of an adjacent distal segment, causing intestinal obstruction. It is a common cause of acute abdomen in the first two years of life, but rare in older children. A 16-year-old male with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis presented with symptoms compatible with distal intestinal occlusion syndrome. He came at the cystic fibrosis clinic with a 5-day evolution of abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the right hypochondrium. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal contrasted tomography were performed demonstrating ileo-colonic invagination with signs of intestinal ischemia, necrosis and pneumatosis of the intestinal wall. He underwent surgery with resection of the terminal ileum and right hemicolon, ana tumor in the caecum was found. This is a rare cause of acute abdomen in young patients with cystic fibrosis and may be associated with an underlying organic cause.

Análise dos fatores de risco e complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes portadores de doença de Crohn / Analysis of risk factors and postoperative complications in patients with crohn's disease

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The post-operative complications rate is greater in patients with Crohn's disease than in other abdominal surgeries due to other benign conditions. Prevention and management of such complications are important factors in the care of these patients. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this research are to analyze the rate of postoperative complications and the major risk factors in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study based on analysis of medical records of patients with Crohn's disease undergoing ileal and/or colonic resection, which analyzed the main surgical complications and their major risk factors. RESULTS: Forty-four surgical procedures and thirty-seven patients were analyzed. Most were female (56.7%). Postoperative complications were observed in 18 (40.9%) surgeries. The disease duration (P=0.04), the penetrating behavior (P=0.013), the time between diagnosis and the first surgery (P=0.04), malnutrition with low body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery (P=0.016), and the size of the removed specimen (P=0.014) were associated with higher rates of complications. The use of drugs blocking tumor necrosis factor up to eight weeks before surgery was not significantly associated with higher complications rates or increased need for reoperation. CONCLUSION: The complication rate observed in this study is similar to published data. The duration of the disease, the penetrating behavior, the size of the removed specimen, the duration of the surgery, and BMI are important risk factors for perioperative complications in Crohn's disease.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O índice de complicações pós-operatórias é maior em pacientes com doença de Crohn do que em outras cirurgias abdominais decorrentes de outras afecções benignas. A prevenção e o manejo de tais complicações constituem importante fator no tratamento desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Os objetivos deste trabalho são analisar a taxa de complicações pós-operatórias e os principais fatores de risco em pacientes portadores de doença de Crohn. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, baseado na análise dos prontuários dos pacientes com doença de Crohn submetidos a ressecções ileais e/ou colônicas, analisando as principais complicações cirúrgicas e os principais fatores de risco relacionados as mesmas. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 44 procedimentos cirúrgicos em 37 pacientes. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino (56,7%). Complicações pós-operatórias foram observadas em 18 (40,9%) cirurgias. A duração da doença (P=0,04), o comportamento penetrante (P=0,013), o tempo entre o diagnóstico e a primeira cirurgia (P=0,04), a desnutrição com baixo índice de massa corpórea (IMC), o tempo de duração da cirurgia (P=0,016), e o tamanho do espécime retirado (P=0,014) estiveram associados a maiores taxas de complicações. O uso de fármacos bloqueadores do fator de necrose tumoral até oito semanas antes da cirurgia não foi significativamente associado a maiores taxas de complicações ou a maior necessidade de reoperação. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de complicações observadas neste trabalho é semelhante aos dados da literatura. A duração da doença, o comportamento penetrante, o tamanho do espécime retirado, o tempo de duração da cirurgia e o IMC são importantes fatores de risco para complicações peri-operatórias em doença de Crohn.

Diagnóstico de Cáncer Colorrectal en paciente con sospecha de Poliposis Adenomatosa Familiar / Diagnosis of colonrectal cancer in patient with suspicion of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare, hereditary disease whose main characteristic is the presence of a large number of polyps in the colon and rectum, which, in the absence of timely treatment, 100% progresses to colorectal cancer. The early diagnosis of this condition is the pillar of the prevention of complications. We present the case of a patient with a low digestive tract syndrome, without previous diagnosis, who after a careful review of clinical and family history, the diagnosis of PAF and later colorectal cancer, is reached. A review of the literature on current advances and recommendations on this disease is made.

Ureteroileal bypass: a new technic to treat ureteroenteric strictures in urinary diversion

ABSTRACT Objective: To present our technique of ureteroileal bypass to treat uretero-enteric stric- tures in urinary diversion. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-one medical records were reviewed from patients submitted to radical cystectomy to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer between 2013 and 2015. Twelve (8.5%) patients developed uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture during follow-up. Five patients were treated with endoscopic dilatation and double J placement. Four were treated surgically with standard terminal-lateral im- plantation. Three patients with uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture were treated at our institution by "ureteroileal bypass", one of them was treated with robotic surgery. Results: All patients had the diagnosis of uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture via computerized tomography and DTPA renal scan. Time between cystectomy and diag- nosis of uretero-enteric anastomotic stricture varied from five months to three years. Mean operative time was 120±17.9 minutes (98 to 142 min) and hospital stay was 3.3±0.62 days (3 to 4 days). Mean follow-up was 24±39.5 months (6 to 72 months). During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and presented improvement in ure-terohydronephrosis. Serum creatinine of all patients had been stable. Conclusions: Latero-lateral ureter re-implantation is feasible by open or even robotic surgery with positive results, reasonable operation time, and without complications.

Pharyngo-ileo-colo-anastomosis with micro-vascular blood supply augmentation for esophago-gastric replacement due to esophago-gastric necrosis after caustic ingestion / Faringo-íleo-colo-anastomose com suprimento sanguíneo microvascular para substituição esofagogástrica por necrose esofagogástrica após ingestão cáustica

ABSTRACT Background : Complete esophago-gastric necrosis after caustic ingestion is a challenging surgical scenario for reconstruction of the upper digestive transit. Aim : To present a surgical technique for reconstruction of the upper digestive tract after total esophagectomy and gastrectomy due to esophageal and gastric necrosis Method: The transit was re-established by means of a pharyngo-ileo-colic interposition with microsurgical arterial and venous anastomosis for augmentation of blood supply. Colo-duodeno-anastomosis and ileo-transverse colic anastomosis were performed for complete digestive transit reconstruction. Result: This procedure was applied in a case of 41 years male attempted suicide by ingesting alkali caustic liquid (concentrated sodium hydroxide). Total necrosis of the esophagus and stomach occurred, which required initially total esophago-gastrectomy, closure at the level of the crico-pharyngeal sphincter and jejunostomy for enteral feeding with a highly deteriorated quality of life . The procedure was performed later and there were no major early and late postoperative complications and normal nutritional conditions were re-stablished. Conclusion: The procedure is feasible and must be managed by multidisciplinary team in order to re-establish a normal quality of life.

RESUMO Racional: A necrose esofagogástrica completa após ingestão cáustica é um cenário cirúrgico desafiador para a reconstrução do trânsito digestivo alto. Objetivo: Apresentar uma técnica cirúrgica para reconstrução do trato digestivo superior após esofagectomia total e gastrectomia por necrose esofágica e gástrica. Método: O trânsito foi restabelecido por interposição faringo-íleo-cólica com anastomose arterial e venosa microcirúrgica com aumento do suprimento sanguíneo. Adicionalmente, anastomose colo-duodeno-anastomótica e íleo-transversa foram realizadas para reconstrução completa do trânsito digestivo. Resultado: Este procedimento foi aplicado em um homem de 41 anos com tentativa de suicídio pela ingestão de líquido cáustico alcalino (hidróxido de sódio concentrado). Ocorreu necrose total do esôfago e do estômago, o que exigiu inicialmente esofagogastrectomia total, fechamento ao nível do esfíncter cricofaríngeo e jejunostomia para alimentação enteral produzindo qualidade de vida altamente deteriorada. O procedimento foi realizado mais tardiamente e não houve maiores complicações pós-operatórias precoces e tardias e condições nutricionais normais foram restabelecidas. Conclusão: O procedimento é viável e deve ser manejado por equipe multidisciplinar a fim de restabelecer a qualidade de vida normal.

Análisis de variables relacionadas con la morbimortalidad de la anastomosis ileocólica después de hemicolectomía derecha / Analysis of variables related to morbidity and mortality of the ileocolic anastomosis after right hemicolectomy

Introducción: La hemicolectomía derecha con anastomosis ileocólica es una cirugía frecuentemente realizada para la que existen muchas formas de realizarla. Objetivo: Evaluar cuál es la mejor anastomosis ilecólica en términos de morbimortalidad y realizar una evaluación comparativa de la evolución clínica posoperatoria según el tipo de configuración anastomótica. Pacientes y Método: Estudio observacional analítico, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos. Las variables a estudiar las dividimos en dos grupos, las relacionadas a la técnica quirúrgica y su configuración anastomótica, y las variables relacionadas con resultados de la intervención quirúrgica, creando una tabla de contingencia en que se cruzan los datos. Análisis de datos con STATA 13.0. Resultados: 216 pacientes con anastomosis ileocólica, destacando significancia estadística al cruzar: A) reoperación y tipo de sutura (p = 0,044), con un OR 3,4 (IC 95% 0,94-18,6), siendo de mayor riesgo la mecánica; B) mortalidad y urgencia (p = 0,001) con un OR 7,76 (IC 95% 1,56-49,29), siendo de mayor riesgo la cirugía de urgencia. Las anastomosis isoperistálticas possen eliminación de gases (p < 0,001), tránsito intestinal (p = 0,009) e ingesta de sólidos (p = 0,005) más precoz. Hay expulsión de gases antes en el abordaje laparoscópico, sutura manual, configuración término lateral e isoperistáltica de la anastomosis y cirugía electiva. Conclusión: Existe gran variabilidad de técnicas para realizar la anastomosis ileocólica. La anastomosis manual muestra menor probabilidad de necesitar una reintervención quirúrgica, la cirugía electiva tiene menor mortalidad que la realizada de urgencia. Sugerimos realizarla vía laparoscópica, con sutura manual, término lateral, isoperistáltica y de forma electiva, por tener una recuperación más corta.

Introduction: Right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis is a frequent surgery with many ways to perform it. Objective: To evaluate which is the best ileocolic anastomosis in terms of morbidity and mortality and to make a comparative evaluation of the postoperative clinical evolution according to the type of anastomosis. Patients and Method: Analytical observational study, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables to be studied are divided into two groups, those related to the surgical technique and its anastomotic configuration, and the variables related to the results of the surgical intervention, creating a contingency table that crosses the data. Data analysis with STATA 13.0. Results: 216 patients with ileocolic anastomosis, highlighting statistical significance when crossing: A) reoperation and type of suture (p = 0.044), with UN or 3.4 (95% CI 0.94 to 18.6), being of greater risk the mechanics; B) mortality and urgency (p = 0.001) with an OR 7.76 (95% CI 1.56-49.29), with emergency surgery being of greater risk. Isoperistaltic anastomosis with gas elimination (p < 0.001), intestinal transit (p = 0.009) and solid intake (p = 0.005) earlier. There is earlier expulsion of gases in the laparoscopic approach, manual suture, end-to-side and isoperistaltic of the anastomosis and elective surgery. Conclusion: There is great variability of techniques to perform the ileocolic anastomosis. Manual anastomosis is less likely to require surgical reoperation, elective surgery has a lower mortality than that of emergency surgery. We suggest performing it laparoscopically, with manual suture, lateral term, isoperistaltic and electively, for having a shorter recovery.

Transition to adulthood with a bladder augmentation: histopathologic concerns

ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the histopathologic changes in native bladder and gastrointestinal segment, the relation between histopathologic changes, type of operation and the period passed over operation in patients with bladder augmentation. Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Histopathologic evaluation of the cystoscopic mucosal biopsies from native bladder and enteric augment was performed in all patients. Results: Active or chronic non-specific inflammation of various degrees was found in all specimens except two. Metaplastic changes were detected in 3 patients. Two patients had squamous metaplasia (one focal, one extensive) and one patient had intestinal metaplasia. All metaplastic changes were found in native bladder specimens. The type of augmentation in patients with metaplastic changes were ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. No signs of malignancy were detected in any patient. Conclusion: The complexity of the disorders requiring bladder augmentation does not let the surgeons to draw a clear line between different groups of complications including malignancy formation. However, due to challenging course of the augmentation procedure itself, surgeons should be well aware of the possibility of malignancy development.

Intestinal inflammatory and redox responses to the perioperative administration of teduglutide in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the inflammatory and redox responses to teduglutide on an animal model of laparotomy and intestinal anastomosis. Methods: Wistar rats (n=62) were allocated into four groups: "Ileal Resection and Anastomosis" vs. "Laparotomy", each one split into "Postoperative Teduglutide Administration" vs. "No Treatment"; and euthanized at the third or the seventh day. Ileal and blood samples were recovered at the baseline and at the euthanasia. Flow cytometry was used to study the inflammatory response (IL-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels), oxidative stress (cytosolic peroxides, mitochondrial reactive species, intracellular glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential) and cellular viability and death (annexin V/propidium iodide double staining). Results: Postoperative teduglutide treatment was associated with higher cellular viability index and lower early apoptosis ratio at the seventh day; higher cytosolic peroxides level at the third day and mitochondrial overgeneration of reactive species at the seventh day; higher tissue concentration of IL-4 and lower local pro-to-anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio at the seventh day. Conclusion: Those findings suggest an intestinal pro-oxidative and anti-inflammatory influence of teduglutide on the peri-operative context with a potential interference in the intestinal anastomotic healing.

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with novel orthotopic neobladder with bilateral isoperistaltic afferent limbs: initial experience

ABSTRACT Purpose To introduce a new method of constructing an orthotopic ileal neobladder with bilateral isoperistaltic afferent limbs, and to describe its clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, 16 patients underwent a new method of orthotopic ileal neobladder after laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. To construct the neobladder, an ileal segment 60cm long was isolated approximately 25cm proximally to the ileocecum. The proximal 20cm of the ileal segment was divided into two parts for bilateral isoperistaltic afferent limbs. The proximal 10cm of the ileal segment was moved to the distal end of the ileal segment for the right isoperistaltic afferent limb, and the remaining proximal 10cm ileal segment was reserved for the left isoperistaltic afferent limb. The remaining length of the 40cm ileal segment was detubularized along its antimesenteric border to form a reservoir. The neobladder was sutured to achieve a spherical configuration. Results All procedures were carried out successfully. The mean operative time was 330 min, mean blood loss was 328mL, and mean hospital stay was 12.5 days. The mean neobladder capacity 6 and 12 months after surgery was 300mL and 401mL, respectively. With a mean follow-up of 22.8 months, all patients achieved daytime continence and 15 achieved nighttime continence. The mean peak urinary flow rate was 11.9mL/s and 12.8mL/s at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Conclusions This novel procedure is feasible, safe, simple to perform, and provides encouraging functional outcomes. However, comparative studies with long-term follow-up are required to prove its superiority.

Resultados inmediatos y alejados del reservorio ileal con anastomosis reservorio-anal practicado en forma simultánea o diferida con la proctocolectomía en pacientes portadores de colitis ulcerosa / Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis performed simultaneously or delayed with the proctocolectomy: short and long-term results in patients with ulcerative colitis

Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en los resultados quirúrgicos entre 2 grupos en colitis ulcerosa: proctocolectomía, reservorio ileal y anastomosis reservorio-anal (RIARA), simultáneo con la proctocolectomía (grupo 1) o diferido (grupo 2). Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo en 126 pacientes sometidos a RIARA. En todos los pacientes se confeccionó un RIARA en «J¼, excepto en 4 que se hizo en «S¼. Todos fueron protegidos con ileostomía. Complicaciones Clavien-Dindo II-V fueron registradas. Resultados: Pacientes con una mediana de edad de 37 años (12-61), 72 eran de género femenino (57%). Se practicó proctocolectomía y RIARA en 24 pacientes (19%) y proctectomía y RIARA en 102 (81%). Se observaron complicaciones postoperatorias en 19 pacientes (13%). Infección de la herida y sepsis pelviana, en 4% respectivamente, fueron las más frecuentes. Tres pacientes fueron reintervenidos: 2 por hemoperitoneo y uno por necrosis isquémica del reservorio. No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria. No se observó diferencia significativa en la morbilidad postoperatoria entre los grupos. Se observaron complicaciones a largo plazo en 48 pacientes (38%): obstrucción intestinal en 18 pacientes (14%), fístula reservorio-vaginal (FRV) en 9 (12,5%), y reservoritis crónica en 8 (6,9%) fueron las más frecuentes. Al comparar los 2 grupos, se observó mayor frecuencia de FRV en el grupo 1 (p = 0,02). Conclusión: En este estudio no se demostró diferencia en la morbilidad postoperatoria entre el grupo 1 y 2. En los resultados alejados hubo mayor frecuencia significativa de FRV en el grupo 1.

Aim: To compare the surgical results of both groups: Simultaneous with the proctocolectomy (SRP) (group 1) or delayed after colectomy (DRP) (group 2). Material and methods: Retrospective study on 126 patients submitted to RP. All patients had a J-pouch, except 4 S. All of them protected with a loop ileostomy. The median time between colectomy and IPAA was 5 months (4-6 range). Clavien-Dindo II-V complications were registered. Results: 126 patients had IPAA. Age median 37 years (12-61 range); 72 (57%) women. SRP in 24 (19%) and DRP was performed in 102 (81%). Postoperative complications were recorded in 19 patients (13%). Wound infection and pelvic sepsis were observed in 4% each. Three patients needed early reoperation: two for hemoperitoneum and one for ischemic necrosis of the pouch. There was no post-operative mortality. No significant difference in 30 days postoperative complication rate was found between SRP and DRP. On long-term follow-up: Intestinal obstruction in 18 patients (14%), pouch-vaginal fistula (PVF) in 9 (12.5%) and chronic pouchitis in 8 (6.9%) were the most common complications. PVF was significantly more frequent on group 1. Conclusion: In this series, no significant difference was found in the early surgical results between group 1 and 2. In the long term, PVF was significantly more common in group 1.

Immediate postoperative evaluation of enteric anastomosis after the use of meloxicam in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To compare ileal anastomoses in the immediate postoperative healing period after meloxicam use. METHODS: Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups of 21, COX and control group. To COX meloxicam in combination with morphine was given in 3 days period. Control group received only morphine during the same period. Each group was divided into three sub-groups of 7, which were euthanized at 5, 10, and 21 days postoperatively. Comparison was based in histological evaluation of collagen type I and III using sirius red, immunohistochemical through vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9. RESULTS: Healing process in scheduled periods did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the COX and control groups during any of the periods. CONCLUSION: The use of meloxicam in the postoperative period following ileal anastomosis did not affect healing.

Febrile Urinary Tract Infection after Radical Cystectomy and Ileal Neobladder in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complications after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. This study investigated the incidence and implicated pathogen of febrile UTI after ileal neobladder reconstruction and identify clinical and urodynamic parameters associated with febrile UTI. From January 2001 to May 2015, 236 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder were included in this study. Fifty-five episodes of febrile UTI were identified in 46 patients (19.4%). The probability of febrile UTI was 17.6% and 19.8% at 6 months and 24 months after surgery, respectively. While, Escherichia coli was the most common implicated pathogen (22/55, 40.0%), Enterococcus spp. were the most common pathogen during the first month after surgery (18/33, 54.5%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, ureteral stricture was an independent risk factor associated with febrile UTI (OR 5.93, P = 0.023). However, ureteral stricture accounted for only 6 episodes (10.9%, 6/55) of febrile UTI. Most episodes of febrile UTI occurred within 6 months after surgery. Thus, to identify risk factors associated with febrile UTI in the initial postoperative period, we assessed videourodynamics within 6 months after surgery in 38 patients. On videourodyamic examination, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was identified in 16 patients (42.1%). The rate of VUR presence in patients who had febrile UTI was not significantly different from those in patients without febrile UTI (50% vs. 39.3%, P = 0.556). Patients with febrile UTI had significantly larger residual urine volume (212.0 ± 193.7 vs. 90.5 ± 148.2, P = 0.048) than those without. E. coli and Enterococcus spp. are common pathogens and ureteral stricture and residual urine are risk factors for UTI after ileal neobladder reconstruction.